Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder affecting the oral mucosa and is considered one of the most common potentially malignant oral disorders. The disease predominantly affects middle-aged adults and presents with various clinical manifestations, including reticular, erosive, atrophic, papular, plaque-like, and bullous forms. Although the precise etiology remains unclear, immunological dysregulation, genetic susceptibility, psychological stress, systemic diseases, and infectious agents have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Clinical management of OLP focuses on symptom control, lesion monitoring, prevention of malignant transformation, and improvement of patient quality of life. This review comprehensively discusses epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and future therapeutic directions in the management of Oral Lichen Planus. Current evidence suggests that corticosteroids remain the first-line treatment, while immunomodulators, biologics, laser therapy, and regenerative approaches represent emerging therapeutic options. Continuous long-term follow-up remains essential due to the chronic nature and malignant potential of the disease.